雅思寫(xiě)作中銜接詞的運(yùn)用

雅思寫(xiě)作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，“coherence and cohesion” （連貫性與銜接性）是其中的一項(xiàng)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。連貫性與銜接性其中一個(gè)方面是通過(guò)連接詞實(shí)現(xiàn)的，也就是說(shuō)前后兩個(gè)句子或者段落之間要有如but, and, therefore等信號(hào)詞反映出內(nèi)容之間的邏輯關(guān)系，常見(jiàn)的有因果、讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比、遞進(jìn)等等。

根據(jù)詞性，銜接詞可以分為邏輯連詞和邏輯副詞，邏輯連詞用于表達(dá)一句話(huà)中分句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，不能引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子，使之單獨(dú)成句；而邏輯副詞用于表達(dá)兩句話(huà)之間的邏輯關(guān)系，位于句首，且后面加個(gè)逗號(hào)。比如在表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系時(shí)，用“but（邏輯連詞）”和“however（邏輯副詞）”，使用形式分別為：“I like it, but he hates it”，“I like it. However, he hates it”。

1、因果關(guān)系

因果關(guān)系即“因?yàn)?rdquo;和“所以”，但是兩者只能在一句話(huà)中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)，不同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，比如“Because you are kind, so I like you”是不正確的，因?yàn)閎ecause和so不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一句話(huà)中。

表達(dá)“因?yàn)?rdquo;時(shí)，常用的邏輯連詞“because”如：

Many readers appreciate advertising because it allows them to know the properties, functions, and prices of the products.

表達(dá)“結(jié)果/所以”時(shí)，常用的邏輯連詞為“so”，邏輯副詞為“ therefore, as a result, consequently ”，如：

1)The ecological problems are being aggravated, so it is imperative that we take measures to curb the pollution of the environment.

2) The ecological problems are being aggravated. Therefore, it is imperative that we take measures to curb the pollution of the environment.

3) The late 20th century witnessed the prosperity in science and technology. As a result, it gives rise to the wide application of computers.

2、讓步轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

讓步關(guān)系即“盡管，雖然......”，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系即“但是......”，與because和so一樣，雖然或但是不同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一句話(huà)中，若想表達(dá)“雖然你是對(duì)的，但我將不會(huì)支持你”，要寫(xiě)成“Although you are right, I will not support you”或者是“You are right, but I will not support you”。

表示讓步關(guān)系時(shí)，常用邏輯連詞“although”和短語(yǔ)“in spite of the fact that”，如：

1）Although there are conniving arguments for a relative care, it is better to send them into daycare centers in the childhood period.

2）In spite of the fact that happiness is hard to define, most people have quite a clear idea about ether they are or not.

表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系時(shí)，常用的邏輯連詞為“but，while”，邏輯副詞為“ however，nevertheless”，如：

1）Parents generally hold a favorable association with everyday homework, while their children show an objective attitude with it.

2）Toddlers are provided with more opportunities to socialize with other peers, which helps them gain confidence and self-consicousness. However, these opportunities are rare to achieve if they are watched over by grandparents.

3、對(duì)比關(guān)系

對(duì)比關(guān)系即”相比較而言......”,常用邏輯副詞“by contrast”，如：

The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. By contrast, those who have spent some time earning a living or travelling to other places, have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on.

4、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系

遞進(jìn)關(guān)系即”進(jìn)一步說(shuō)......”，常使用邏輯副詞 “ in addition，moreover，furthermore”，如：

1）Sport is, without doubt, good for our health. Moreover, it is excellent for social development.

2）Spending the majority of your time working can be extremely detrimental to your health. Furthermore, it can seriously damage your social and family life.

以上幾種連接詞的用法，需要熟練且準(zhǔn)確的應(yīng)用到寫(xiě)作中，與此同時(shí)，注意書(shū)寫(xiě)形式的準(zhǔn)確性，區(qū)分邏輯連詞和邏輯副詞的差別，并且注意because / so，although /but不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。