實(shí)例精講，讓你的托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題不再丟分

關(guān)鍵字托福閱讀托福閱讀技巧句子簡(jiǎn)化題托福備考

2020-05-22 來(lái)源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 作者：閱讀量：人喜歡手機(jī)閱讀

導(dǎo)讀

托福閱讀中的句子簡(jiǎn)化題很多同學(xué)都做不太好，要不就是沒(méi)看懂句子原意，要不就是找不準(zhǔn)句子的重點(diǎn)沒(méi)法選出正確選項(xiàng)。下面小編就通過(guò)3個(gè)實(shí)例，為大家講解托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題中通過(guò)把握作者意圖來(lái)解題的實(shí)用技巧，一起來(lái)看。

例1 [結(jié)果]These plants are termed opportunists because [原因]they rely on their seeds’ falling into settings where competing plants have been removed by natural processes, such as along an eroding riverbank, on landslips, or where a tree falls and creates a gap in the forest canopy.

A. Because [原因]their seeds grow in places where competing plants are no longer present, [結(jié)果]dandelions are classified as opportunists.

B. [結(jié)果]Dandelions are called opportunists because [原因]they contribute to the natural processes of erosion and the creation of gaps in the forest canopy.

C. The term opportunists apply to plants whose seeds fall in places where they can compete with the seeds of other plants.

D. The term opportunists apply to plants whose falling seeds are removed by natural processes.

你發(fā)現(xiàn)原句中有個(gè)because，就知道這句話是在解釋，必定有因有果。我們先去找因和果。結(jié)果是這些植物被稱為機(jī)會(huì)主義者，原因是它們依賴種子掉進(jìn)一個(gè)環(huán)境，后面說(shuō)這個(gè)環(huán)境里競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的植物已經(jīng)被移除了，即沒(méi)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的環(huán)境。對(duì)句子稍做整理后變成，因?yàn)樗鼈円蕾囎约旱姆N子掉進(jìn)一個(gè)沒(méi)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的環(huán)境，所以這些植物被稱為機(jī)會(huì)主義者。

有同學(xué)會(huì)問(wèn)，后面的such as要怎么處理。一般我們有個(gè)原則，在句子當(dāng)中如果是補(bǔ)充的信息，那很重要;如果是重復(fù)的信息，應(yīng)該是不重要的。所以看such as只要明白一點(diǎn)，它到底給前面的什么內(nèi)容舉例�？蠢拥膬�(nèi)容，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)說(shuō)的都是地方，說(shuō)明是給setting舉例，那么就可以把它放在一邊。

于是，我們明白作者原句的意圖是在解釋有因果的關(guān)系，那么四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中正確的答案必定在邏輯關(guān)系和講話的意圖上和原句是一樣的。發(fā)現(xiàn)A、B、C、D中只有A和B是有因果的，再進(jìn)一步看具體的內(nèi)容，可知A的原因和結(jié)果都與原句一致，為正確選項(xiàng)。

例2 [轉(zhuǎn)折前]Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, [轉(zhuǎn)折后]under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.

A. Despite the current impressive size of the Ogallala aquifer, the region’s climate keeps the rates of water addition very small.

B. Although the aquifer has been adding water at the rate of only half a centimeter a year, it will eventually accumulate enough water of fill Lake Huron.

C. Because of the region’s present climatic conditions, water is being added each year to the aquifer.

D. Even when the region experiences unfortunate climatic conditions, the rates of addition of water continue to increase.

這個(gè)題目原句中有一個(gè)but unfortunately，說(shuō)明這句話前后有一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折，那么它最核心的意義是作者前后表示的不同。

看轉(zhuǎn)折前：aquifer地下蓄水層還有足夠的水來(lái)填滿休倫湖。雖然我們不知道休倫湖有多大，但你明白作者的意圖是說(shuō)水很多。

轉(zhuǎn)折后：在這個(gè)半干旱的條件下，補(bǔ)充率很小。Amounting to后面給出補(bǔ)充率的數(shù)字，是重復(fù)內(nèi)容不重要。

所以明確轉(zhuǎn)折前說(shuō)水量大，轉(zhuǎn)折后說(shuō)補(bǔ)充率小。然后我們看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，正確答案一定在邏輯關(guān)系的表達(dá)上是跟But屬于同一個(gè)范疇。A有despite，表示轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步;B有although，讓步;C有個(gè)因果，原文沒(méi)有存在因果;D有even表示讓步。所以在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中我們會(huì)優(yōu)先考慮A、B、D這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

仔細(xì)看A選項(xiàng)，despite后的內(nèi)容表示水量大，和原句轉(zhuǎn)折前相同;而逗號(hào)后的內(nèi)容表示補(bǔ)充率小，和原句轉(zhuǎn)折后相同。所以A是正確選項(xiàng)。

例3 Numerous insects occupy the marsh, feeding on living or dead cordgrass tissue, and redwing blackbirds, sparrows, rodents, rabbits, and deer feed directly on the cordgrass.

A. Insects feed only on dead cordgrass, while most other marsh inhabitants feed on live cordgrass.

B. The marsh is a good habitat for insects, but a relatively poor one for birds and animals.

C. Although cordgrass provides food for birds and animals, it gives insects both food and a place to live.

D.Cordgrass provides food for numerous insects, birds, and other animals.

這個(gè)題目中有一個(gè)and，表示并列的關(guān)系。那么我們需要考慮并列前和并列后兩部分的內(nèi)容。并列的內(nèi)容我們往往會(huì)取同，打包處理。原文意思是，and前說(shuō)很多昆蟲(chóng)占據(jù)沼澤地，它吃這樣的一種植物，and后說(shuō)這些鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)去吃這種植物，兩部分并列在一起。

看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)中有個(gè)while，表示對(duì)比，邏輯關(guān)系不對(duì);B有個(gè)but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，邏輯關(guān)系不對(duì);C有個(gè)although表示讓步，邏輯關(guān)系不對(duì)。所以在邏輯關(guān)系上唯一比較符合原句的就是D選項(xiàng)。具體來(lái)看D選項(xiàng)，意思是這種植物給昆蟲(chóng)、鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)、其他的動(dòng)物提供了食物。

如果仔細(xì)閱讀，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)C選項(xiàng)其實(shí)說(shuō)得也很有道理：盡管這種植物給鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)和其他動(dòng)物提供了食物，但它給昆蟲(chóng)既提供食物又提供住的地方。似乎這句話更能夠表示原文的意思，但是大家不要忘記，雖然它翻譯成中文在語(yǔ)義上與原句差不多，但在作者講話的邏輯意圖和句子表示的功能上有所不同。原文沒(méi)有用任何的轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、比較這樣一種取反、表示不同的邏輯關(guān)系表達(dá)，所以你就不能考慮although。大家要注意，內(nèi)容說(shuō)起來(lái)差不多，但是作者講話的邏輯關(guān)系、意圖不對(duì)，我們自然不考慮。所以這道題的答案選D選項(xiàng)。

以上就是托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題中把握作者意圖思路技巧的實(shí)例講解，希望能夠給大家提供一些幫助參考。