雅思寫作困擾考生的兩大難題，官方解答在此

關(guān)鍵字雅思寫作雅思寫作詞匯雅思寫作時間雅思想技巧

2020-04-07 來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 作者：閱讀量：人喜歡手機閱讀

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關(guān)于雅思寫作，很多考生都在困惑：1）考場時間怎么安排？2）到底要背多少單詞？這就為大家奉上官方英語專家的標準解答。

Q1: How should I organise my time during an IELTS writing test? I always feel I run out of time during the test.

在雅思寫作考試中，我總是感覺時間不夠用，我應(yīng)該如何安排時間？

The two writing tasks in IELTS are quite different so various time management techniques should be employed.

雅思寫作考試的兩篇寫作任務(wù)明顯不同，因此需要采用不同的時間分配策略。

For both tasks (in General and Academic), the time limit is 60 minutes.

考試時，你需要在60 分鐘內(nèi)完成兩篇作文寫作（培訓(xùn)類與學(xué)術(shù)類）。

General Task 1(letter) and Academic (data analysis), the minimum word count is 150. General/AcademicTask 2 (essay) – 250.

對于任務(wù)一，培訓(xùn)類作文一一般為書信，學(xué)術(shù)類作文一則通常涉及數(shù)據(jù)分析，作文字數(shù)不少于150 詞。培訓(xùn)類/學(xué)術(shù)類作文任務(wù)二要求寫一篇不少于250 詞的議論性短文。

It is recommended that you spend 20 minutes for Task 1 and 40 minutes for Task 2.

建議你用 20 分鐘完成任務(wù)一，用40 分鐘完成任務(wù)二。

General Task 1 培訓(xùn)類作文一

1. Read the prompt very carefully and think about who, what, how.

請仔細閱讀題目要求，明確收件人、信件內(nèi)容以及行文結(jié)構(gòu)。

•Who you are writing to will determine your tone – formal or informal; your friend or manager.

收信人身份決定了寫作風(fēng)格——信件是寫給朋友還是經(jīng)理，應(yīng)采用正式還是非正式文體；

•What are you writing about – make sure you cover ALL three points in your letter.

信件內(nèi)容是關(guān)于什么的？——考生在信中必須涵蓋全部三個要點。

•How - how do you start and end the letter; what expressions and language to use.

如何行文？——構(gòu)思信件的開頭與結(jié)尾；思考使用哪些語言和表達方式。

2. Spend 5 minutes to sketch your ideas and plan your writing.

用5 分鐘時間列出寫作要點與作文提綱。

•This stage is extremely important – if you have a clear idea of the above points, then you won’t feel stuck or pressed for time.

這一步非常重要——如果你對所列要點了然于胸，那么就不會感到?jīng)]有思路或時間緊迫。

•Use mindmaps or bullet points to think of appropriate vocabulary to use. Try to use synonyms to show your variety of vocabulary.

利用思維導(dǎo)圖或列出要點的方法調(diào)動可用的合適詞匯。多使用近義詞，以體現(xiàn)豐富的詞匯儲備。

•Write down only essential phrases/expressions. Do not waste time writing whole sentences in your planning stage.

僅需寫下關(guān)鍵短語/表達。列提綱時無需浪費時間寫出完整句子。

3. Write your answer for about 10 minutes and try not to stop.

用10分鐘的時間寫作，中間盡量不要停。

•While you’re writing, if you get stuck, look back at your ideas.

寫作過程中，如果思路中斷，可回看提綱中的寫作要點。

•If you can’t remember a word,think of a synonym or another way to express your ideas.

如果突然忘記某個單詞，可以使用近義詞替代，或者換一種表達方式。

•Try to write neatly but if youneed to cross out a section and start over, do not worry too much about it.

注意書面整潔。不過如果需要劃去某些詞句重新寫，也無需過度擔(dān)心。

•Do not count words. If you’ve practiced enough, you should have a clear idea of how much to write to fulfil the minimum word count requirement.

不要去數(shù)單詞數(shù)。如果你平時練習(xí)充分，就應(yīng)該很清楚至少要寫多長才能到達考試要求的字數(shù)。

4. Leave 5 minutes to read what you’ve written and correct any mistakes that you spot. This is a very important stage to spot easy mistakes and correct them!

最后的5分鐘用來檢查已完成的作文，并修改文中的錯誤。這一步非常重要，用于檢查作文中的基本錯誤并予以改正。

Academic Task 1 學(xué)術(shù)類作文一

1. Look at the data you have to analyse carefully. 仔細觀察需要分析的數(shù)據(jù)。

•The data is presented in a graph(bar, line, etc.), pie chart, table, map, or process.

數(shù)據(jù)以圖形（柱形圖、線形圖等）、餅狀圖、表格、地圖或者流程圖等形式呈現(xiàn)。

•Think about the main trends and tendencies.

思考數(shù)據(jù)的主要走向和變化趨勢。

•There is usually a comparison needed – concentrate on that.

通常需要進行對比分析——請著重在這點。

•Do not pay too much attention to the details.

不要過分關(guān)注細節(jié)。

•Pay attention to the way the data is presented – numbers, percentages, directions, etc.

注意數(shù)據(jù)的呈現(xiàn)方式——數(shù)字、百分比、文字說明等。

2. Follow stages 2, 3, and 4 from General Task 1 above.

之后的寫作流程請于上文培訓(xùn)類作文一的第2、3 、4 步相同。

General/Academic Task 2 培訓(xùn)類/學(xué)術(shù)類作文二

1. Read the essay question carefully and decide on the type of essay – opinion or argumentative; one viewor two views (agree/disagree)

仔細閱讀題目要求，確定文體風(fēng)格——觀點闡述或論述；單向論述或正反論述（同意/反對）。

•Essays are usually semi-formal so no informal language and expressions.

議論性短文通常屬于半正式文體，因此不要使用非正式的語言和表達方式。

2. Plan your ideas carefully. 仔細列出論述要點。

•What is the main argument? 你的主要論點是什么？

•How many examples do you need to provide? 你準備提供幾個例證？

•How many views do you need to present? 你準備陳述幾個觀點？

•Do you agree or disagree with the main statement. WHY?

你是否同意題干中的主要觀點，為什么？

•What are your supporting arguments for both views.

針對兩種觀點，你將給出哪些論據(jù)？

•Don’t forget – do not write full sentences at the planning stage! Just write down your ideas using bullet points/mind maps.

切記——列提綱時無需寫出完整句子！只需用列出要點的方式或思維導(dǎo)圖記下你的想法即可。

3. Write your answer for about 30 minutes. See more tips from stage 3 of General Task 1 above.

用30分鐘左右的時間完成短文寫作。詳見上文培訓(xùn)類作文一第3部分介紹的寫作技巧。

•Pay attention to the structure of the essay: introduction (2-3 sentences), body (2-3 paragraphs), and conclusion (2-3 sentences).

注意文章架構(gòu)：引言（2 – 3 句）、正文（2 – 3 段）、結(jié)論（2 -3句）。

Introduction – paraphrase the main argument and give your opinion.

引言——闡述主要論點，并給出你的個人觀點。

Body – you can structure it in different ways but make sure you have paragraphs. Each paragraph should start with a topic sentence which states the argument of the paragraph. Then develop the argument providing supporting ideas. The paragraphs should be linked through cohesive devices and there should be a flow throughout the essay.

正文——你可以用不同的方式組織正文結(jié)構(gòu)，但一定要注意劃分段落。每一段的開頭應(yīng)為主題句，用以闡明本段論點。然后展開論證，給出論點依據(jù)。運用銜接詞連接前后段落，確保上下文連貫流暢。

Conclusion – make sure you havea conclusion! Repeat and re-state the main argument you have written about.

結(jié)論——一定要在文末進行總結(jié)！重申并復(fù)述你的主要論點。

4. Allow time (about 5 mins) to read what you have written and correct simple mistakes.

留出時間（約5分鐘）檢查已完成的作文，并修改文中出現(xiàn)的基本錯誤。

Q2: How large a vocabulary isneeded to get a Band 7 for Writing? Does vocabulary really matter in Writing?

需要積累多少詞匯才能在雅思寫作考試中得到7 分的成績？詞匯在雅思寫作口試中是否非常關(guān)鍵？

To achieve a Band 7 in Writing, a large vocabulary matters a lot. If you look at the IELTS public band descriptors (see here), you’ll notice that the Band 7 category for vocabulary (“Lexical Resource”) says the following:

若想在雅思寫作考試中得到7 分，充足的詞匯儲備至關(guān)重要。如果考生閱讀了雅思官網(wǎng)公布的寫作評分標準（詳見這里），就能在詞匯一欄（“詞匯豐富程度”）看到7分成績相對應(yīng)的評分標準，具體如下：

•Uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision;

使用足夠的詞匯，體現(xiàn)一定的靈活性及準確性；

•Uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation;

使用不太常見的詞匯，對語體及搭配有一定的認識；

•May produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and/or word formation

在選擇用詞、拼寫及/或構(gòu)詞方面可能偶爾出現(xiàn)錯誤。

It is important to pay attention to the phrase “sufficient range”. This means that you need to use a wide range of simple AND less common vocabulary. For example, if the topic of the question relates to cars, don’t just keep writing “cars” for the whole essay; use less common synonymsfor “car” like “vehicle”, “automobile”, etc. It would be unnatural to only useless common vocabulary, so remember to use a mixture of simple and more complex words.

在上述標準中，“足夠的詞匯”這一表述非常值得注意，系指考生需要廣泛運用的簡單詞匯和不太常見的詞匯。例如，如果題干的主題與汽車有關(guān)，則考生要避免通篇反復(fù)使用“cars ”這個單詞，可以使用與“ car ”意思相近的非常見詞匯，如“vehicle ”、“ automobile ”等。但如果考生通篇都用非常見的詞匯，則整篇作文會顯得不太自然，因此，最好是綜合運用簡單詞匯與較復(fù)雜的詞匯。

It is also important that you show “some awareness of style and collocation” as you use less common vocabulary. This means that you shouldn’t just use a less common word because you memorized it; you should be able to use it in an appropriate context where native speakers would be likely to use it. To become skilled at this, you should:

還有一點很重要：考生在使用非常見詞匯時，要注意“語境和搭配”，即考生不能僅僅因為記住了某個不太常見的單詞就在作文中隨便用，而是應(yīng)該根據(jù)英語母語人士的使用偏好，在適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z境中使用該單詞。以下方法可幫助考生掌握這方面的技能：

•watch a wide range of English language videos (TED talks, TV shows, movies, etc.);

觀看各種英語視頻（如TED 演講、電視節(jié)目、英文電影等）；

•read a wide range of English language texts (websiteand newspaper articles, books, etc.) so that you can develop a feel for the language.

•閱讀各種英語文本資料（如發(fā)表于網(wǎng)站或報紙上的英文文章、英文書籍等），以此培養(yǎng)考生的語感。

Even if you make some mistakes (“occasional errors in word choice”), you can still get a 7 if you are mostly accurate in your choice of words and expressions.

即便考生在作文中出現(xiàn)了錯誤（如“個別單詞用法錯誤”），但只要考生絕大部分的詞匯與表達方式使用正確，他依然可以在寫作考試中拿到7 分。